Microbiology and Clinical Research

Genomic Microbiology

Microbes are among our planet's most ubiquitous organisms. They're present in every biosphere, including a number of the most extreme locations on Earth. Microbes, generally, possess genomes much smaller in size compared to plants and animals, which makes them ideal for genetic and physiological studies. Microbial genomes are widely variable and reflect the large diversity of bacteria, archaea and lower eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes usually contain one circular chromosome, but species with more than one chromosome, linear chromosomes and combinations of linear and circular chromosomes also exist. Molecular phylogenetics has revealed that each clade of bacteria with genome sizes under 2 Mb was derived from ancestors with much larger genomes, thus refuting the hypothesis that bacteria evolved by the successive doubling of small-genomed ancestors.

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